The supposed imperialist, hegemonic or colonialist intentions of China and associated propaganda can be roughly divided into three categories:

1. Claims of independence of current territories from China, that China opposes or refuses to acknowledge.
2. Claims that China makes over 'new' territories
3. Claims that China is attempt to colonise through economic dependence of countries indebted to it or who have forged close economic ties with China

Claims have been made in relation to most of China's autonomous regions including:

• Tibet
• Hong Kong
• Taiwan
• Xinjiang
• Inner Mongolia

China's liberation of Tibet from feudal rule has been criticised from a romantic perspective and interpretation of history, where Tibetan culture is seen to be enshrined in the cultural practices and bodies of the ruling elite, especially the Dalai Lama.