Claims have been made, many by Uyghur activists, that genocide is occurring in Xinjiang at the behest of government policy. Many of these claims relate to:

• Claims regarding sterilisation and / or forced UID insertion
• Influx of 'Han' Chinese into ethnic minority areas, especially Xinjiang
• Forced marriages between Han and ethnic minorities to 'dilute' ethnic identity
• Prevention of traditional ethnic practices, especially religion